ADM

aDM

What is it?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye condition that affects the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Over time, this area deteriorates, leading to blurred vision or dark spots in the center of the visual field.

Common Symptoms

Blurred or distorted central vision.
Appearance of dark or empty spots in the center of vision.
Increased difficulty reading, driving, or performing everyday tasks.
Colors may appear less vivid or faded.

Causes and Risk Factors

  • Natural aging of the retina.
  • Genetic factors and family history.
  • Smoking.
  • High blood pressure and elevated cholesterol.
  • Prolonged exposure to sunlight without proper protection.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made through a comprehensive eye examination that includes specific tests such as:

Retinography: a photograph of the back of the eye.
OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography): a detailed analysis of the macula.
Fluorescein Angiography: used to study the circulation of the retina.

Treatment

Treatment depends on whether the AMD is dry or wet:

-Dry AMD: antioxidant supplements, control of risk factors, and regular eye check-ups.

-Wet AMD: intraocular injections of anti-VEGF medications, which help stop the formation of abnormal blood vessels and preserve vision.

Outcome

Current treatments can slow the progression of the disease and, in many cases, help maintain useful central vision for years — especially when detected in its early stages.